Here are four new verbs to study…
| Kuya aller/to go |
Kujà danser/to dance |
Kusùmba acheter/to buy |
Kupàànyisha vendre/to sell |
ne nyè
|
nejè
|
ne sùmbè
|
ne mpàànyishè
|
[Conjugation] Future Tense III
[Conjugation] Future Tense II
Here’s a new selection of verbs conjugated at the future tense
| Kupèèsha donner/to give |
Kwangata prendre/to take |
Kwenza faire/to make |
Kufwà mourir/to die |
nepèèshè
|
nengangatè
|
nengenzè
|
nenfwè
|
[Conjugation] Futur Tense I
In this lesson, we will study future tense. For that, we’ll use some verbs that we’ve seen before:
| Kwikale être/to be |
Kunwà boire/to drink |
Kudyà manger/to eat |
Kulààla dormir/to sleep |
nengikale
|
nenwè
|
nendyè
|
nendalè
|
See how the verb is built:
KU – IKALE = kwikale
‘KU’ marks the infinitive form of the verb and ‘IKALE’ is the verb stem. When you contract them, the ‘u’ transform into ‘w’.
* NE + NG + IKALE = nengikale
NE marks the future tense of the verb, ‘NG’ is the 1st person pronoun and ‘IKALE’ is the verb stem
It is the same process for the rest
* NE + WU + IKALE = newikale
The ‘u’ in ‘wu’ is dropped because of the contraction.
* NE + À = IKALE = neìkale
Same contraction here but we keep the accent that marks the 3rd person of singular.
* NE + TU + IKALE = netwikale
* NE + NU + IKALE = nenwikale
* NE + BA + IKALE = nebikale
You note in red the pronouns from 1st person of singular to 3rd person of plural that we saw in previous lessons:
ng, wu, ù/à, tu, nu, ba (‘ng’ is another form for ‘nyi’ or ‘n’ that marks the first person of singular).
See, if you understand how the verb is constructed you can easily find and/or remember a specific conjugation. Try to find the construction of the other verbs on your own. You’ll see how easy it is.
[Conjugation] Present Tense III
Here are four new verbs to study…
| Kuya aller/to go |
Kujà danser/to dance |
Kusùmba acheter/to buy |
Kupàànyisha vendre/to sell |
ndi nya
|
ndi jà
|
ndi sùmba
|
ndi mpàànyisha
|
[Conjugation] Present Tense II
Here’s a new selection of verbs conjugated at the present tense
| Kupèèsha donner/to give |
Kwangata prendre/to take |
Kwenza faire/to make |
Kufwà mourir/to die |
ndi pèèsha
|
ndi ngangata
|
ndi ngenza
|
ndi nfwà
|
[Conjugation] Present Tense I
In this post, we’re gonna see how to conjugate in Ciluba. I chose here a few common verbs.
| Kwikala être/to be |
Kunwà boire/to drink |
Kudyà manger/to eat |
Kulààla dormir/to sleep |
ndi
|
ndi nwà
|
ndi ndyà
|
ndi ndààla
|
I am not gonna show the verb “to have” as it is the same as “to be”. In Ciluba, “to have” is translated as “to be with”, therefore, all you have to do is add the preposition “with” or “nè” in Ciluba to transform “to be”, kwikala, into “to have”, kwikala ne.
Mema ndi mukaji: I am a woman
Ndi nè mukanda: I have a book
Ndi nè mutu: I have a headache
As a general rule, when you have the infinitive form of a verb, for examples kudyà, kunwà, all you have to do to conjugate it is to drop the infinitive prefix ku- and keep the verb stem -dyà, -nwà, then add the personal pronoun according to want you want to say:
n- => ndi = I (am)
u- => udi = you (are)
u- => ùdi = she/he (is)
tu- => tudi = we (are)
nu- => nudi = you (are)
ba- => badi = they (are)
Of course, it wouldn’t be fun if there wasn’t any exceptions. Kwikala is one (it is a special verb that is also used as auxiliary and its conjugated form is also used as personal pronouns). We’ll check them out as we go. Note that in the dictionaries you will often find the verb stem as the entry. It makes sense, I believe, otherwise there would be thousands of words under “ku-” and nothing in the other sections… 🙂
N.B.: verbs of which stem starts with L transform NL into ND at the first person of singular, to ease pronunciation.
-lààla -> ndi ndààla -> I sleep
-lela -> ndi ndela -> I give birth
-lekela -> ndi ndekela -> I leave
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